During most dreams, sleepers are not aware that they are dreaming. The reason why this is the case has not been discovered, and does not appear to have an obvious answer. There have been attempts by various fields of psychology to provide an explanation. For example, some proponents of Depth psychology suggest that mental processes inhibit the critical evaluation of reality within dreams.
Physiology suggests that “seeing is believing” to the brain during any mental state. This being said, if the brain actually believes something so much, it will actually believe that it is real. Even waking consciousness is liable to accept discontinuous or illogical experience as real if presented as such to the brain. Dream consciousness is similar to that of a hallucinating awake subject. Dream or hallucinatory images triggered by the brain stem are considered to be real, even if fantastic. The impulse to accept the evident is so strong the dreamer will often invent a memory or story to cover up an incongruous or unrealistic event in the dream. “That man has two heads!” is usually followed not with “I must be dreaming!” but with “Yes, I read in the paper about these famous Siamese twins.” Or other times there will be an explanation that, in the dream, makes sense and seems very logical, but when the dreamer awakes, he/she will realize that it is rather far fetched or even complete gibberish.
Developmental psychology suggests that the dream world is not bizarre at all when viewed developmentally, since we were dreaming as children before we learned all of the physical and social laws that train the mind to a “reality.” Fluid imaginative constructions may have preceded the more rigid, logical waking rules and continue on as a normative lifeworld alongside the acquired, waking life world. Dreaming and waking consciousness differ only in their respective level of expectations, the waking “I” expecting a stricter set of “reality rules” as the child matures. The experience of “waking up” normally establishes the boundary between the two lifeworlds and cues the consciousness to adapt to waking “I” expectations. At times, however, this cue is false—a false awakening. Here the waking “I” (with its level of expectations) is activated even though the experience is still hallucinatory. Incongruous images or illogical events during this type of dream can result in lucidity as the dream is being judged by waking “standards.”
Another theory presented by transpersonal psychology and some Eastern religions is that it is the individual's state of consciousness (or awareness) that determines their ability to discriminate and differentiate between what is real, and what is false or illusory. In the dream state, many experiences are accepted as real by the dreamer that would not be accepted as real in the waking state. Some religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism describe states of consciousness (i.e., Nirvana or Moksha) where individuals "wake up", and discover a new or altered state of consciousness that reveals their normal waking experience to be unreal, dream-like, or maya (illusion). The assumption is that there are degrees of wakefulness or awareness, and that both lucid dreaming and normal waking experience lie somewhere towards the middle of this continuum (or hierarchy) of awareness. In this context, there must therefore be states of wakefulness that are superior to normal waking awareness. Just as when the dreamer awakens to realize that a nightmare was illusory, the individual can, like the Buddha, undergo a spiritual awakening and realize that what is called normal waking awareness is, in fact, a dream.
It has been hypothesized that Meditation before sleep can also improve the occurrence of a lucid dream as it potentially minimizes the time taken for a person to fall asleep therefore increasing the chances of maintaining awareness to induce a lucid dream.
The study, lead by Dr. Akiko Tamakoshi of the Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, appears in the current issue of the Journal's Sleep.
In an accompanying editorial, Dr. Daniel F. Kripke, a sleep expert at the University of California, San Diego said that, 'Although these conclusions might surprise clinicians', they were in keeping with earlier studies.
The study found that people who reported sleeping 8 hours a night had a higher mortality than those who reported sleeping 7 hours. The longer the subjects, the higher the risk. Indeed, Dr. Kripke wrote, 'People who said they slept more than 7 1/2 hours appeared to suffer worse health effects than those who said they slept for 6 1/2 hours.
People who reported sleeping less than 4 1/2 hours had big increases in their mortality risks.
Research in recent years has clarified many of these aspects of dreaming, but what may be of greatest significance has been the discovery of a biology of dreaming (see Sleep). Starting with the work of American sleep researchers Eugene Aserinsky and Nathaniel Kleitman in 1953, studies have shown that a dream does not consist of fleeting imagery that occurs while a person awakens from sleep, but instead a dream takes place during a biological state of its own.
Thus, two clearly distinguishable states of sleep exist. The first state, called S-synchronized sleep, or NREM-sleep (non-rapid-eye-movement sleep), occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, little activation of the autonomic nervous system, and few or no reports of dreaming. The second type of sleep, known as D-sleep (dreaming, or desynchronized, sleep), or REM-sleep (rapid-eye-movement sleep), occurs cyclically during the sleep period and is characterized by activation of the autonomic nervous system, rapid eye movements, and frequent dream reports. Typically, a person has four or five periods of D-sleep during the night, whether the dreams are remembered often, rarely, or not at all; they occur at intervals of about 90 minutes and altogether constitute about 25 percent of the night’s sleep (as much as 50 percent in a newborn child). Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes.
Such stimuli as sounds and touches impinging on a dreamer can be incorporated into a dream if they occur during a D-period. These stimuli, however, do not initiate a D-period if one is not already in progress, so that, at least in such cases, dreams do not protect sleep in the way that Freud suggested. Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep, these are usually short, fragmented, thoughtlike experiences.
Have you ever found yourself in a situation wherein you are on a camping trip and you are having difficulty sleeping because you are not comfortable in the sleeping bag that you are laying in?
Some people find it hard to sleep if they are in someone bed else, some only sleep comfortably if they are in their comfort zone their own room and bed. And no one wants a bed night's sleep after a long day. Imagine how difficult it would be for these people to sleep during their overnight camping trips if they only have a sleeping bag to lay into. Sleeping bags are ergonomically designed; it is soft and not hard on the back so why is it that some people are having difficulty sleeping in those things?
One theory is that the problem maybe located within the conscious mind of the person the brain of the person must have dictated to the body that sleeping bags are not comfortable; the person then will respond to the suggestion of brain therefore he or she will find it uncomfortable to sleep in sleeping bags. The cause of the problem is psychological; to solve the problem one must look within and change his or her manner of thinking. It is simply mind over matter. If you keep on saying to yourself again and again that Sleeping bags are comfortable, it will become automatic, your body will respond to your manner of thinking, and then you will now find yourself sleeping comfortably in sleeping bags , it will be like as if you are sleeping in your own bed.
A celestial themed nursery is a great way to show your creativity, and you never know, maybe you'll be raising a little astronomer or astronaut! This theme can fit a room that's either small or big, just pick and choose from the suggestions below until you have a space that fits your style. We have also included some budget tips to help you keep some of the expenses of a new baby down.
Celestial Theme
This theme isn't nearly as complicated as it sounds, and it's versatile enough to be used for either a boy or a girl, which is perfect if you're one of those parents who would like a surprise! The predominant color for this theme is blue, but the soft nuances necessary to create the right atmosphere make it gender non-specific. It's also important to keep in mind that a celestial theme means you can either go with a starry night or a sunny day, so this theme is incredibly versatile indeed.
So let's begin decorating!
Walls, Ceilings, Windows and Floor
As mentioned previously, most of the colors used will be blue, whether light blue for the day theme, or dark blue for the night theme. Also, if you're using the day theme, whites and yellows can also be a good choice.
The ceiling is a critical piece for the celestial theme. Either paint it dark blue for a starry night theme, or light blue to depict a sunny day. To make things really fun, you can use those glow-in-the-dark stick on stars to spread across the ceiling. Or alternately, you can add cloud versions of the stars for the day theme. You can even paint or stencil on your own clouds. When it comes to the walls, start by getting a star and moon, or sun and clouds wallpaper.
Budget tip: Wallpapers, while lovely, can be both expensive and difficult to apply. You can save yourself some time and money by using paint instead. No matter the theme, a light blue color would go best. If you still want to include a little wallpaper for that extra oomph, get some funky, sky-themed borders to put around the door.
For the windows, you'll need to add either some drapes or valances. For a classic combination, use white or yellows to compliment the ceiling and walls. Yellow can even be used in the night theme, because a darker yellow can help accent the stars. Lastly, don't forget about the floor. Now, you may already have carpet in the room, but if you don't, you have a couple of choices. You can find a fun star and moon carpet, or if that's too much pattern with what you have already, get plain dark blue.
Furniture Time
Furniture essentials are a must, like a crib, a changing table, and a dresser in which to keep the baby's clothes. With the celestial theme you can really use any color, but white would certainly be a good pick. If you have some extra space in the room, you could also add a small nightstand, a bed, and a couch. The bed is useful as a place for you to sleep on those nights when you feel the need to stay close to the baby, or a bed or a couch can be a good place for friends and family to sit when they are visiting the new arrival.
Budget Tip: This is particularly useful if you plan on keeping that room as the permanent room of the baby. After all, eventually your child will grow into the bed, saving you money later on.
Time to Decorate
Now it's time to put the finishing touches on your baby's room with decorations! A night lamp would be a great idea, and also practical. For the starry night theme, get a moon shaped night light. For the sunny day theme, get one that's shaped like the sun. Put it somewhere where it's convenient and still easily seen. Next, get some celestial-themed bedding for the crib and/or bed. You should be able to find a bedding set with stars or suns on it in most stores.
Budget Tip: Buy all your bedding at once and save with a bed set. The same way you book a vacation flight, hotel and rental, this can save you money.
Work in conjunction with your natural health care professional if you decide to try an over the counter weight loss pill to help you lose body fat. If you insist on knowing your progress by weight loss and want to use a scale, try to weigh yourself at the same time everyday. Whatever fat loss exercise you choose, try to get your heart rate up to about 65 percent of your safe maximum.
Any fat loss or diet plan, together with low-carb plans like the introduction phase of the Atkins Diet may result in water loss during the first week or two. If you're on a body fat loss program you're under constant attack - attack from the food bandits all around you. It seems everyone is looking for that enchanting bullet like that rapid body fat loss secret that will instantly drop excess fat and turn you into a supermodel. Not likely
The fact is, there are healthy, effective and simple techniques you can use to accomplish body fat loss - and keep it off over the long term. A fat loss coach may help you each and every step of the way giving you support, inspiration, and will show you the secrets that all slim people know, so that you can lose weight in a healthy way and allow you to maintain your weight and get back to your Body Perfect Fitness and Health for life.
Some types of fat loss surgeries reduce the body's ability to absorb important vitamins and minerals. Many people start a body fat loss program with their basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is the amount of energy (calories) your body uses in a resting state, For many people, the improvement in their overall health, following weight loss surgery, is just as important as the weight loss itself.
Ok, these are a few of the things I used in the past to get through a fat loss plateau. If you have been frustrated with past body fat loss attempts, give the 3 W's of fat loss a try. Discuss the options with your doctor and take his advice in planning your exercise and fat loss system.
So you sweat and strain with your chosen fat loss system, perhaps ecstatically so at the start. So although I don't think you can use fasting as a diet or fat loss system, I do feel that it can be a great start to a proper fat loss diet and exercise system. Therefore, creating a one-for-all fat loss or exercise system simply would not work.
Atopic dermatitis (Eczema) is a dry skin condition that affects some baby to varying degrees. it's one of common baby skin rashes. It usually doesn't appear until after three months of age, so don't confuse eczema with the normal flaky skin most baby have for up to two months after birth. Eczema is more likely to occur when condition such as asthma and hay fever run in families, although about one baby in five who has eczema has no family history of allergies. Most baby and toddlers outgrow their eczema before the age of five years.
Eczema treatment on baby involves using a combination of moisturizers and cortisone creams. It is advisable to consult a skin specialist for moderate to severe eczema. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months seems to delay the onset of eczema and may reduce its severity.
When think of home security system, most people seem to think of burglar alarms and little to nothing else. Alarms can be a great way to protect your home, although they are only a small part of what makes up an effective home security system. This is where you will learn how to make the best choice on a security system for your home.
The key to home security will be windows. Homes that have poor constructed windows tend to get broken into a lot more than homes with secure and sturdy windows. Be sure that your home has tough glass and properly fitting locks. A safety precaution that is often overlooked when you leave home is to make sure that not only your door is locked but each window as well. Even if you consider a window to be out of reach, it should always be locked anyway. Burglars are expert thieves and know how to gain entry to your home if there is a way.
Along with the windows, doors are also known to be a weakness of security around the home. When checking your doors, they should be strong, sturdy and have strong locks that will not be forced open. Choose the place where you keep your spare key carefully. Losing your keys can also make you more prone to be a target, especially if there is anything revealing your home address with them.
Monitored security systems are one the the most common options that most people choose to help protect their homes. If you want a system that will monitor your home and record video, this system type will be a great choice for you. If you travel a lot, a home surveillance system can be an ideal way to keep a check on your home while you're away.
Last, but certainly not least are burglar alarms. Most people don't realize that the best use of a burglar alarm is for scaring the intruders away. most burglars won't even attempt to enter your home. Using a burglar alarm alone may scare off thieves, but it isn't the only component to a complete security system. There are still other areas of your home that you will need to secure.
The 2009 "swine flu" H1N1 virus in human - International cases and the symptoms
The 2009 outbreak of swine flu is an epidemic of a new Influenza A H1N1 strain of flu virus that was clinically identified in April 2009. It is currently a Phase 5 outbreak, one level below an official pandemic.
International cases and responses
Although the exact origin of the outbreak is unknown, it was first detected when officials in Mexico and the United States suspected a link between an outbreak of late-season flu cases in Mexico and cases of influenza in Texas and California. Within days, hundreds more suspected cases were discovered in Mexico, with more cases also showing up in the U.S. and several other countries. By the end of April 2009, governments across the world had taken emergency measures to slow the transmission of a possible pandemic.
Swine Flu H1N1 Symptoms
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in humans the symptoms of the 2009 "swine flu" H1N1 virus are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. The 2009 outbreak has shown an increased percentage of patients reporting diarrhea and vomiting. The 2009 H1N1 virus is not zoonotic swine flu, as it is not transmitted from pigs to humans, but from person to person.
Read more International cases and the symptoms of the 2009 "swine flu" H1N1 virus in human on http://amnom.com/swine-flu-h1n1-cases-symptoms/